Plant Growth Regulators - The Ultimate Guide
Ever come across a dwarf man? Do you realise that the hormones in our bodies are the source of this disorder? Yes, we generate chemical messengers or hormones to regulate the actions of our bodies.
Similar to animals, plants have chemical constituents that influence their physiology and growth. The term "Plant Growth Regulators" generally describes them.
Low molecular weight, complex compounds known as plant growth regulators are utilised to alter all of a plant's metabolic processes, including growth. They may also be referred to as phytohormones, plant hormones, etc. An organic substance known as a plant hormone is created in one area of a plant and moved to another area where its low concentration triggers a physiological reaction.
These substances primarily serve as messengers for the expansion and development of plants.
Plant growth regulators (PGR) are any organic or artificial compounds that have an impact on a plant's growth and development. Plant growth regulators are all plant hormones, however not all plant growth regulators are plant hormones. Plant development and growth are significantly influenced by plant growth regulators. These phytohormones, also known as plant growth regulators, can be used to produce a variety of plant-based goods, including fruits, vegetables, and pharmaceuticals.
Types of plants growth regulators
Auxins
They have been employed in horticulture and agriculture for more than 50 years. They aid in the process of stem cutting roots, which is frequently utilised for plant multiplication. Auxins encourage flowering in plants, such as pineapples. Early on, they aid in stopping fruit and leaf drops; nevertheless, they encourage the abscission of older/mature leaves and fruits.
Gibberellins
This is a different type of PGR promoter. More than 100 gibberellins have been identified in various organisms, including fungi and higher plants, and the number is continually growing. Their designations are GA1, GA2, GA3, and so forth. However, GA3 is still the type that has undergone the most thorough research because it was one of the first gibberellins to be found.GA5 are all acidic. They cause the plants to exhibit a variety of physiological reactions. They especially induce peas to produce tall genetic dwarfs. They are used to lengthen the axes of graphs so that the grapes can grow larger by lengthening the stalks of the graphs.
Cytokinins
In areas where fast cell division is taking place, such as root apices, growing shoot buds, early fruits, etc., natural Cytokinins are produced. They support the growth of lateral shoots as well as adventitious shoots, as well as the production of new leaves and chloroplasts in leaves. Apical dominance is countered by Cytokinins. They encourage the mobilisation of nutrients, which delays the senescence of leaves.
Ethylene
Ethylene is a straightforward gaseous PGR. It is largely synthesised by tissues going through senescence and by ripening fruits. The effects of ethylene on plants include seedlings' horizontal growth, axis swelling, and the production of dicot seedlings' tighter apical appearance. Plant organs' senescence and abscission are accelerated by ethylene (especially leaves, flowers etc.) Ethylene works incredibly well to ripen fruit. It speeds up the rate of respiration when fruit ripens. Respiratory climacteric refers to this increase in respiration rate.
What distinguishes plant hormones from plant growth regulators?
Plant growth regulators are man-made chemicals, whereas plant hormones are organic compounds produced during metabolism in plants.
Second, while growth regulators have a limited impact, the effects of hormones have long been appreciated. For instance, auron gibberlline, aba, cytokinins, and NAA etc. are growth regulators.
What distinguishes chemical fertilisers or minerals from plant growth regulators?
Both have the ability to grow, but they do so in quite different ways. Hormones in plants are plant growth regulators. They are chemical signals that the plant produces that instruct it when and how to grow. Plants eat nutrients and fertilisers. They give plants the building blocks they require to assemble their tissues. In contrast to humans, it should be noted that plants produce their own energy-containing chemicals through a process called photosynthesis. Amazing biochemical factories exist in plants.
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